20 research outputs found
Analysis of wormhole routings in cayley graphs of permutation groups.
Over a decade, a new class of switching technology, called wormhole routing, has been investigated in the multicomputer interconnection network field. Several classes of wormhole routing algorithms have been proposed. Most of the algorithms have been centered on the traditional binary hypercube, k-ary n-cube mesh, and torus networks. In the design of a wormhole routing algorithm, deadlock avoidance scheme is the main concern. Recently, new classes of networks called Cayley graphs of permutation groups are considered very promising alternatives. Although proposed Cayley networks have superior topological properties over the traditional network topologies, the design of the deadlock-free wormhole routing algorithm in these networks is not simple. In this dissertation, we investigate deadlock free wormhole routing algorithms in the several classes of Cayley networks, such as complete-transposition and star networks. We evaluate several classes of routing algorithms on these networks, and compare the performance of each algorithm to the simulation study. Also, the performances of these networks are compared to the traditional networks. Through extensive simulation we found that adaptive algorithm outperformed deterministic algorithm in general with more virtual channels. On the network performance comparison, the complete transposition network showed the best performance among the similar sized networks, and the binary hypercube performed better compared to the star graph
Effect of High-Temperature Annealing on Ion-Implanted Silicon Solar Cells
P-type and n-type wafers were implanted with phosphorus and boron, respectively, for emitter formation and were annealed subsequently at 950βΌ1050βC for 30βΌ90βmin for activation. Boron emitters were activated at 1000βC or higher, while phosphorus emitters were activated at 950βC. QSSPC measurements show that the implied Voc of boron emitters increases about 15βmV and the J01 decreases by deep junction annealing even after the activation due to the reduced recombination in the emitter. However, for phosphorus emitters the implied Voc decreases from 622βmV to 560βmV and the J01 increases with deep junction annealing. This is due to the abrupt decrease in the bulk lifetime of the p-type wafer itself from 178βΞΌs to 14βΞΌs. PC1D simulation based on these results shows that, for p-type implanted solar cells, increasing the annealing temperature and time abruptly decreases the efficiency (ΞΞ·abs=β1.3%), while, for n-type implanted solar cells, deep junction annealing increases the efficiency and Voc, especially (ΞΞ·abs=+0.4%) for backside emitter solar cells
A reduced dose of ribavirin does not influence the virologic response during pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Background/AimsWhen combined with pegylated interferon alpha-2b (Peg-IFN Ξ±-2b) for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Korea, the current guideline for the initial ribavirin (RBV) dose is based on body weight. However, since the mean body weight is lower for Korean patients than for patients in Western countries, current guidelines might result in Korean patients being overdosed with RBV.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with genotype 1 CHC who were treated with Peg-IFN Ξ±-2b and RBV combination therapy. We divided the patients into groups A (β₯15 mg/kg/day, n=23) and B (<15 mg/kg/day, n=26), given that the standard dose is 15 mg/kg/day. The clinical course in terms of the virologic response, adverse events, and dose modification rate was compared between the two groups after therapy completion.ResultsThe early response rates (92.0% vs. 83.3%, P=0.634) and sustained virologic response rates (82.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.506) did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the treatment period, the RBV dose reduction rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (60.9% vs. 23.1%, P=0.01).ConclusionsRBV dose reduction is performed frequently when patients are treated according to the current Korean guidelines. Given that lowering the RBV dose did not appear to decrease the virologic response during therapy, reducing RBV doses below the current Korean guideline may be effective for treatment, especially in low-weight patients
Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models
Estimating future sea level rise (SLR) and sea surface temperature (SST) is essential to implement mitigation and adaptation options within a sustainable development framework. This study estimates regional SLR and SST changes around the Korean peninsula. Two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios and nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations are used to estimate the changes in SLR and SST. At the end of the 21st century, global SLR is expected to be 0.28 m (0.17–0.38 m) and 0.65 m (0.52–0.78 m) for SSP 1–2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Regional change around the Korean peninsula (0.25 m (0.15–0.35 m; SSP1-2.6) and 0.63 m (0.50–0.76 m; SSP5-8.5)) is similar with global SLR. The discrepancy between global and regional changes is distinct in SST warming rather than SLR. For SSP5-8.5, SST around the Korean peninsula projects is to rise from 0.49 °C to 0.59 °C per decade, which is larger than the global SST trend (0.39 °C per decade). Considering this, the difference of regional SST change is related to the local ocean current change, such as the Kuroshio Current. Additionally, ocean thermal expansion and glacier melting are major contributors to SLR, and the contribution rates of glacier melting increase in higher emission scenarios
Correlation of gingival biotypes with clinical parameters
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νμ¬ λκ»λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ νκ³ μμκ²μ¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΉμ£ΌλκΉμ΄, μΉνμ§μ, μΉμμ§μ, μΉμν΄μΆ, 체ν λ° λΉλ§λ, νΌλΆν, μΉκ²½λΆμ νν, κ΄μΈ‘μκ° μμλ‘ νλ¨ν μΉμνμ κΈ°λ‘νμλ€. μμμ¬μ§μΌλ‘ μΉκ΄μ νκ²½κ³Ό κΈΈμ΄μ λΉμ¨, μΉμμΈνμ λ§κ³‘μ λλ₯Ό μ‘°μ¬νκ³ νν촬μλ²μ μ΄μ©ν λ°©μ¬μ μ¬μ§μΌλ‘ μΉμμ μ₯νλΉμ¨ λ° μΉμμ μΉκ΄ νκ²½κ³Ό μΉκ²½λΆ νκ²½μ λΉμ¨μ μ‘°μ¬νμλ€. μ 체 λμμ μΉμμ λκ»λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ νκ· λκ»λ³΄λ€ μμ κ΅°κ³Ό λκΊΌμ΄ κ΅°μ λ κ°μ κ΅°μΌλ‘ λΆλ₯νμ¬ μμκ²μ¬ μ¬μ μΈ‘μ ν λ³μλ€μ΄ κ° κ΅° κ°μ μ μν λ§ν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μ΄λμ§μ μμλ‘ νλ¨ν μΉμνμ΄ μ€μ μΉμλκ»μ μ°κ΄μ΄ μλμ§λ₯Ό μμ보μλ€. ν΅κ³μ²λ¦¬λ Student t-testλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμλ€. 3. κ²°κ³Ό μΉμ£Όλ κΉμ΄, μΉμμ§μ, 체ν λ° λΉλ§λ, νΌλΆν, μΉμμ νν, μΉκ²½λΆμ νν, μΉμμ μ₯νλΉμ¨μ κ²½μ° μ€μ μΈ‘μ νμ¬ μ»μ μΉμμ λκ»μμ μκ΄κ΄κ³λ ν΅κ³μ μΌλ‘ μ μμ±μ΄ μμλ€. μΉμμ ννλ μΉμμ λκ»μ μκ΄μ±μ 보μ΄κ³ μμΌλ ν΅κ³μ μΌλ‘ μ μνμ§ μμλ€. κ΄μΈ‘μκ° μμλ‘ νκ°ν μΉμνκ³Ό μ€μ μΈ‘μ μΉλ μ μν λ§ν μΌμΉλ₯Ό 보μ΄μ§ μκ³ μλ€. 4. κ²°λ‘ μΉμμ ννλ μΉμμ λκ»λ₯Ό μμνλλ° μ½κ°μ λμμ΄ λ μ μμΌλ μ€μ μΉμμ λκ»λ μμμ μΌλ‘ κ°λ¨ν μΈ‘μ ν μ μλ κ²Έμ¬μ§μλ€κ³Ό μ§μ μ μΈ μκ΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό 보μ΄μ§ μμλ€. λ°λΌμ μΉλ£κ²°κ³Όμ μμΈ‘μ μμ΄μ μΉμνμ λΆλ₯νμ¬ μμνλ κ²μ ν° λμμ΄ λμ§ μλλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€
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νκ³ μμκ²μ¬ μμ μΈ‘μ ν μ μλ λ³μλ€κ³Ό μΉμλκ»μ μ°κ΄μ±μ νκ°νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
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Evaluation on the biocompatibility, bone cell activity and bone regenerative capacity of chitosan-PLLA bilayer porous membrnae
μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ μλ‘μ΄ μ μλ chitosan-poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) λ€μΈ΅ λ€κ³΅μ± μ°¨νλ§μ μ체μ ν©μ± λ° κ³¨μΈν¬νμ±λ λ° κ³¨μ¬μλ₯μ νκ°νλ κ²μ΄λ€. μ μλ μ°¨νλ§μ 24 wellμ λ£κ³ clonal osteoblast-like cell line(MC3T3-E1)μ μ μ’
ν κ΅°μ μ€νκ΅°μΌλ‘, μ°¨νλ§μ μ¬μ©νμ§ μμ λμ‘°κ΅°μΌλ‘ νμλ€. λ°°μ 1μΌ, 7μΌ λ° 14μΌμ§Έμ κ° wellμμ μΈν¬μλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ νμλ€. μ£Όμ¬μ μνλ―Έκ²½μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ°¨νλ§μ λΆμ°©λ μΈν¬μ ννκ΄μ°°μ μννμλ€. RNA μΆμΆ λ° RT-PCRμ μ€μν ν, agarose gelμμμ μ κΈ°μλνμ¬ μ‘°κ³¨μΈν¬ νμμμΈ collagen type I(COL), osteopontin(OP) λ° osteocalcin(OC) mRNAμ λ°νμ κ΄μ°°νμλ€. μ μλ 맀νΈλ¦μ€μ μ체μ ν©μ± λ° κ³¨μ¬μλ₯μ κ΄μ°°νκΈ° μνμ¬ λ°±μμ λκ°κ³¨μ μ§κ²½ 8mmμ μν κ²°μλΆλ₯Ό νμ±ν ν μ°¨νλ§μ μ΄μν κ΅°μ μ€νκ΅°μΌλ‘, μ무 κ²λ λ£μ§ μμ κ΅°μ λμ‘°κ΅°μΌλ‘ νμ¬ 4μ£Ό κ²½κ³Ό ν μ€νλλ¬Όμ ν¬μμν¨ ν μ‘°μ§νμ κ΄μ°°μ μννμλ€. μκ°κ²½κ³Όμ λ°λ₯Έ λΆμ°©μΈν¬μ κ΄μ°°κ²°κ³Ό, λ°°μ 14μΌκΉμ§ 쑰골μΈν¬μ μκ° μ§μμ μΌλ‘ μ¦κ°νμκ³ , μ£Όμ¬μ μνλ―Έκ²½μΌλ‘ μΈν¬μ νν κ΄μ°°κ²°κ³Ό, λ°°μλ μΈν¬λ€μ μ€μΈ΅μ ννλ‘ μ±μ₯νλ©΄μ μκ°κ²½κ³Όμ λ°λΌ μΈν¬κ° μμ§λλ μμμ λνλ΄μλ€. κ΄μ°° κΈ°κ°λμ COL, OP, λ° OC mRNAμ λ°νμ΄ κ΄μ°°λμ΄ λ°°μ μ κΈ°κ°λμ 쑰골μΈν¬μ νμ§μ΄ μ μ μ§λκ³ μμμ μ μ μμλ€. λ°±μ λκ°κ³¨ κ²°μλΆμ μ΄μλ μ°¨νλ§μ μΌμ¦λ°μ μμ΄ μ£Όμ μ‘°μ§κ³Ό μ°μν μ체μ ν©μ±μ λνλ΄μμΌλ©°, μ°¨νλ§μ μ΄μνμ§ νμ§ μμ λμ‘°κ΅°μ λΉν΄ λμ μ μ골 νμ±μ λνλ΄μλ€. μ΄μμ κ΄μ°°κ²°κ³Όλ‘ μλ‘μ΄ μ μλ chitosan-PLLA μ°¨νλ§μ μ°μν μ체μ ν©μ± λ° κ³¨μ¬μλ₯μ λνλμ μ μ μμμΌλ©°, ν₯ν μ΄λ₯Ό κ³¨μ‘°μ§ μ¬μ λ° μΉμ£Όμ‘°μ§μ λμ¬μ λΆμΌμ μμ©λ μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ μκ°λλ€.This study was supported by the grant from Korea Science and Technology Foundation (KOSEF) through Intellrctual Biointerface Engineering Center(IBEC) of Seoul National Universit