20 research outputs found

    Analysis of wormhole routings in cayley graphs of permutation groups.

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    Over a decade, a new class of switching technology, called wormhole routing, has been investigated in the multicomputer interconnection network field. Several classes of wormhole routing algorithms have been proposed. Most of the algorithms have been centered on the traditional binary hypercube, k-ary n-cube mesh, and torus networks. In the design of a wormhole routing algorithm, deadlock avoidance scheme is the main concern. Recently, new classes of networks called Cayley graphs of permutation groups are considered very promising alternatives. Although proposed Cayley networks have superior topological properties over the traditional network topologies, the design of the deadlock-free wormhole routing algorithm in these networks is not simple. In this dissertation, we investigate deadlock free wormhole routing algorithms in the several classes of Cayley networks, such as complete-transposition and star networks. We evaluate several classes of routing algorithms on these networks, and compare the performance of each algorithm to the simulation study. Also, the performances of these networks are compared to the traditional networks. Through extensive simulation we found that adaptive algorithm outperformed deterministic algorithm in general with more virtual channels. On the network performance comparison, the complete transposition network showed the best performance among the similar sized networks, and the binary hypercube performed better compared to the star graph

    Effect of High-Temperature Annealing on Ion-Implanted Silicon Solar Cells

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    P-type and n-type wafers were implanted with phosphorus and boron, respectively, for emitter formation and were annealed subsequently at 950∼1050∘C for 30∼90 min for activation. Boron emitters were activated at 1000∘C or higher, while phosphorus emitters were activated at 950∘C. QSSPC measurements show that the implied Voc of boron emitters increases about 15 mV and the J01 decreases by deep junction annealing even after the activation due to the reduced recombination in the emitter. However, for phosphorus emitters the implied Voc decreases from 622 mV to 560 mV and the J01 increases with deep junction annealing. This is due to the abrupt decrease in the bulk lifetime of the p-type wafer itself from 178 μs to 14 μs. PC1D simulation based on these results shows that, for p-type implanted solar cells, increasing the annealing temperature and time abruptly decreases the efficiency (Δηabs=βˆ’1.3%), while, for n-type implanted solar cells, deep junction annealing increases the efficiency and Voc, especially (Δηabs=+0.4%) for backside emitter solar cells

    A reduced dose of ribavirin does not influence the virologic response during pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C

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    Background/AimsWhen combined with pegylated interferon alpha-2b (Peg-IFN Ξ±-2b) for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Korea, the current guideline for the initial ribavirin (RBV) dose is based on body weight. However, since the mean body weight is lower for Korean patients than for patients in Western countries, current guidelines might result in Korean patients being overdosed with RBV.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with genotype 1 CHC who were treated with Peg-IFN Ξ±-2b and RBV combination therapy. We divided the patients into groups A (β‰₯15 mg/kg/day, n=23) and B (<15 mg/kg/day, n=26), given that the standard dose is 15 mg/kg/day. The clinical course in terms of the virologic response, adverse events, and dose modification rate was compared between the two groups after therapy completion.ResultsThe early response rates (92.0% vs. 83.3%, P=0.634) and sustained virologic response rates (82.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.506) did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the treatment period, the RBV dose reduction rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (60.9% vs. 23.1%, P=0.01).ConclusionsRBV dose reduction is performed frequently when patients are treated according to the current Korean guidelines. Given that lowering the RBV dose did not appear to decrease the virologic response during therapy, reducing RBV doses below the current Korean guideline may be effective for treatment, especially in low-weight patients

    Future Changes in the Global and Regional Sea Level Rise and Sea Surface Temperature Based on CMIP6 Models

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    Estimating future sea level rise (SLR) and sea surface temperature (SST) is essential to implement mitigation and adaptation options within a sustainable development framework. This study estimates regional SLR and SST changes around the Korean peninsula. Two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) scenarios and nine Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations are used to estimate the changes in SLR and SST. At the end of the 21st century, global SLR is expected to be 0.28 m (0.17&ndash;0.38 m) and 0.65 m (0.52&ndash;0.78 m) for SSP 1&ndash;2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively. Regional change around the Korean peninsula (0.25 m (0.15&ndash;0.35 m; SSP1-2.6) and 0.63 m (0.50&ndash;0.76 m; SSP5-8.5)) is similar with global SLR. The discrepancy between global and regional changes is distinct in SST warming rather than SLR. For SSP5-8.5, SST around the Korean peninsula projects is to rise from 0.49 &deg;C to 0.59 &deg;C per decade, which is larger than the global SST trend (0.39 &deg;C per decade). Considering this, the difference of regional SST change is related to the local ocean current change, such as the Kuroshio Current. Additionally, ocean thermal expansion and glacier melting are major contributors to SLR, and the contribution rates of glacier melting increase in higher emission scenarios

    Correlation of gingival biotypes with clinical parameters

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    1. λͺ©μ  이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 기쑴의 평가기쀀에 따라 κ΄€μ°°μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•κ³Ό μ‹€μ œ μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ 상관관계λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬ μ‹œμ— μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ³€μˆ˜λ“€κ³Ό μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 연관성을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 2 방법 211λͺ…μ˜ μΉ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™μƒ(22-43μ„Έ, 평균 24.7μ„Έ)을 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ μƒμ•…μ€‘μ ˆμΉ˜λΆ€μœ„μ—μ„œ κ΅­μ†Œλ§ˆμ·¨ν•˜μ— κ·Όκ΄€ 치료용 νŒŒμΌμ„ μΉ˜μ€μ— μ‚½μž…ν•˜μ—¬ λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³  μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 톡해 μΉ˜μ£Όλ‚­κΉŠμ΄, μΉ˜νƒœμ§€μˆ˜, μΉ˜μ€μ§€μˆ˜, μΉ˜μ€ν‡΄μΆ•, μ²΄ν˜• 및 λΉ„λ§Œλ„, ν”ΌλΆ€ν˜•, μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, κ΄€μΈ‘μžκ°€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž„μƒμ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜κ΄€μ˜ 폭경과 길이의 λΉ„μœ¨, μΉ˜μ€μ™Έν˜•μ˜ λ§Œκ³‘μ •λ„λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  ν‰ν–‰μ΄¬μ˜λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μž₯ν‰λΉ„μœ¨ 및 μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μΉ˜κ΄€ 폭경과 μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€ 폭경의 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 전체 λŒ€μƒμ„ μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ· λ‘κ»˜λ³΄λ‹€ 얇은 κ΅°κ³Ό λ‘κΊΌμš΄ ꡰ의 두 개의 ꡰ으둜 λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬ 사에 μΈ‘μ •ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ΄ 각 κ΅° 간에 μœ μ˜ν•  λ§Œν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ”μ§€μ™€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•μ΄ μ‹€μ œ μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ™€ 연관이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. ν†΅κ³„μ²˜λ¦¬λŠ” Student t-testλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3. κ²°κ³Ό μΉ˜μ£Όλ‚­ 깊이, μΉ˜μ€μ§€μˆ˜, μ²΄ν˜• 및 λΉ„λ§Œλ„, ν”ΌλΆ€ν˜•, μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μž₯ν‰λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ 경우 μ‹€μ œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 얻은 μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ μƒκ΄€κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜μ„±μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μΉ˜μ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜μ™€ 상관성은 보이고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. κ΄€μΈ‘μžκ°€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•κ³Ό μ‹€μ œ μΈ‘μ •μΉ˜λ„ μœ μ˜ν• λ§Œν•œ 일치λ₯Ό 보이지 μ•Šκ³  μžˆλ‹€. 4. κ²°λ‘  μΉ˜μ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ”λ° μ•½κ°„μ˜ 도움이 될 수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ μ‹€μ œ μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜λŠ” μž„μƒμ μœΌλ‘œ κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²Έμ‚¬μ§€μˆ˜λ“€κ³Ό 직접적인 상관관계λ₯Ό 보이지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 치료결과의 μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•μ„ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” 것은 큰 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€

    μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ™€ μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬μ§€μˆ˜λ“€κ³Όμ˜ 상관관계

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    1. λͺ©μ : 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 기쑴의 평가기쀀에 따라 κ΄€μ°°μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•κ³Ό μ‹€μ œ μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ 상관관계λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬ μ‹œμ— μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ³€μˆ˜λ“€κ³Ό μΉ˜μ€λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 연관성을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 2. 방법: 211λͺ…μ˜ μΉ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™μƒ(22-43μ„Έ, 평균 24.7μ„Έ)을 μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ μƒμ•…μ€‘μ ˆμΉ˜λΆ€μœ„μ—μ„œ κ΅­μ†Œλ§ˆμ·¨ν•˜μ— κ·Όκ΄€μΉ˜λ£Œμš© νŒŒμΌμ„ μΉ˜μ€μ— μ‚½μž…ν•˜μ—¬ λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³  μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 톡해 μΉ˜μ£Όλ‚­κΉŠμ΄, μΉ˜νƒœμ§€μˆ˜, μΉ˜μ€μ§€μˆ˜, μΉ˜μ€ν‡΄μΆ•, μ²΄ν˜• 및 λΉ„λ§Œλ„, ν”ΌλΆ€ν˜•, μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, κ΄€μΈ‘μžκ°€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μž„μƒμ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜κ΄€μ˜ 폭경과 길이의 λΉ„μœ¨, μΉ˜μ€μ™Έν˜•μ˜ λ§Œκ³‘μ •λ„λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  ν‰ν–‰μ΄¬μ˜λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μ‚¬μ§„μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μž₯ν‰λΉ„μœ¨ 및 μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μΉ˜κ΄€ 폭경과 μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€ 폭경의 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 전체 λŒ€μƒμ„ μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜λ₯Ό κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ· λ‘κ»˜λ³΄λ‹€ 얇은 κ΅°κ³Ό λ‘κΊΌμš΄ ꡰ의 두 개의 ꡰ으둜 λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μž„μƒκ²€μ‚¬ μ‹œμ— μΈ‘μ •ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ΄ 각 κ΅° 간에 μœ μ˜ν•  λ§Œν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ”μ§€μ™€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•μ΄ μ‹€μ œ μΉ˜μ€ λ‘κ»˜μ™€ 연관이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. ν†΅κ³„μ²˜λ¦¬λŠ” Student t-testλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3. κ²°κ³Ό: μΉ˜μ£Όλ‚­ 깊이, μΉ˜μ€μ§€μˆ˜, μ²΄ν˜• 및 λΉ„λ§Œλ„, ν”ΌλΆ€ν˜•, μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, μΉ˜κ²½λΆ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ, μΉ˜μ•„μ˜ μž₯ν‰λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ 경우 μ‹€μ œ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 얻은 μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜μ™€μ˜ μƒκ΄€κ΄€κ³„λŠ” ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜μ„±μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μΉ˜μ€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” μΉ˜μ€μ˜ λ‘κ»˜μ™€ 상관성은 보이고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. κ΄€μΈ‘μžκ°€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•œ μΉ˜μ€ν˜•κ³Ό μ‹€μ œ μΈ‘μ •μΉ˜λ„ μœ μ˜ν• λ§Œν•œ 일치λ₯Ό 보이지 μ•Šκ³  μžˆλ‹€

    Evaluation on the biocompatibility, bone cell activity and bone regenerative capacity of chitosan-PLLA bilayer porous membrnae

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    이 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμ΄ μ œμž‘λœ chitosan-poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) λ‹€μΈ΅ 닀곡성 μ°¨νλ§‰μ˜ 생체적합성 및 κ³¨μ„Έν¬ν™œμ„±λ„ 및 κ³¨μž¬μƒλŠ₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. μ œμž‘λœ 차폐막을 24 well에 λ„£κ³  clonal osteoblast-like cell line(MC3T3-E1)을 μ ‘μ’…ν•œ ꡰ을 μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ, 차폐막을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°°μ–‘ 1일, 7일 및 14일째에 각 wellμ—μ„œ μ„Έν¬μˆ˜λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ£Όμ‚¬μ „μžν˜„λ―Έκ²½μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 차폐막에 λΆ€μ°©λœ μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœκ΄€μ°°μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. RNA μΆ”μΆœ 및 RT-PCR을 μ‹€μ‹œν•œ ν›„, agarose gelμƒμ—μ„œ μ „κΈ°μ˜λ™ν•˜μ—¬ 쑰골세포 ν‘œμ‹μžμΈ collagen type I(COL), osteopontin(OP) 및 osteocalcin(OC) mRNA의 λ°œν˜„μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμž‘λœ 맀트릭슀의 생체적합성 및 κ³¨μž¬μƒλŠ₯을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ°±μ„œμ˜ λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ— 직경 8mm의 μ›ν˜• 결손뢀λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•œ ν›„ 차폐막을 μ΄μ‹ν•œ ꡰ을 μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ, 아무 것도 넣지 μ•Šμ€ ꡰ을 λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ 4μ£Ό κ²½κ³Ό ν›„ μ‹€ν—˜λ™λ¬Όμ„ ν¬μƒμ‹œν‚¨ ν›„ 쑰직학적관찰을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹œκ°„κ²½κ³Όμ— λ”°λ₯Έ λΆ€μ°©μ„Έν¬μˆ˜ κ΄€μ°°κ²°κ³Ό, λ°°μ–‘ 14μΌκΉŒμ§€ μ‘°κ³¨μ„Έν¬μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ£Όμ‚¬μ „μžν˜„λ―Έκ²½μœΌλ‘œ μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν˜•νƒœ κ΄€μ°°κ²°κ³Ό, λ°°μ–‘λœ 세포듀은 μ€‘μΈ΅μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‹œκ°„κ²½κ³Όμ— 따라 세포가 μ‘μ§‘λ˜λŠ” 양상을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. κ΄€μ°° κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ COL, OP, 및 OC mRNA의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ–΄ λ°°μ–‘ μ „ κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ μ‘°κ³¨μ„Έν¬μ˜ ν˜•μ§ˆμ΄ 잘 μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ°±μ„œ λ‘κ°œκ³¨ 결손뢀에 μ΄μ‹λœ 차폐막은 μ—Όμ¦λ°˜μ‘ 없이 μ£Όμœ„ 쑰직과 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 생체적합성을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 차폐막을 μ΄μ‹ν•˜μ§€ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 높은 신생골 ν˜•μ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ κ΄€μ°°κ²°κ³Όλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμ΄ μ œμž‘λœ chitosan-PLLA 차폐막은 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 생체적합성 및 κ³¨μž¬μƒλŠ₯을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, ν–₯ν›„ 이λ₯Ό 골쑰직 μž¬μƒ 및 μΉ˜μ£Όμ‘°μ§μœ λ„μž¬μƒ 뢄야에 μ‘μš©λ  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€.This study was supported by the grant from Korea Science and Technology Foundation (KOSEF) through Intellrctual Biointerface Engineering Center(IBEC) of Seoul National Universit
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